Crypto Tax by State (2026 Guide)
From California to NYC, learn about crypto tax by state, including federal and state tax rates on capital gains and income from crypto, plus new state exemptions and increases to capital gains taxes in 2026.
How much tax do you pay on crypto?
Your crypto tax rate depends on your transactions and where you live:
For short-term capital gains, you'll pay your federal and state income tax rate.
For long-term capital gains, you'll pay the federal capital gains tax rate and your state income tax rate, unless you live in a state where there is an exemption or specific long-term CGT rate.
For income from crypto (like mining or staking rewards), you'll pay your federal and state income tax rate.
Pro tip: Skip the manual calculations and use a crypto tax calculator to figure out how much tax you owe.
Which crypto transactions are subject to tax?
You can learn more in our crypto taxes guide, but in brief:
| Transaction | Tax |
|---|---|
| Buying crypto | Tax free |
| Holding crypto | Tax free |
| Trading crypto | Capital Gains Tax* |
| Selling crypto | Capital Gains Tax* |
| Spending crypto | Capital Gains Tax* |
| Transferring crypto | Tax free (transfer fees may be taxable) |
| Airdrops | Income Tax |
| Hard forks | Income Tax |
| Mining rewards | Income Tax |
| Staking rewards | Income Tax |
| Gifting crypto | Tax free under lifetime gift allowance |
| Donating crypto | Tax deductible for donations to registered charitable organizations |
| Margin trading | Capital Gains Tax on profit* |
| Derivatives | Capital Gains Tax on profit* |
| Adding/removing liquidity | Capital Gains Tax* |
| DeFi investments | Income Tax/Capital Gains Tax* |
Federal income tax rates 2025
The federal income tax rates for 2025 (for taxes due in 2026) on short-term capital gains and income from crypto are:
| Tax Rate | Single | Head of Household | Married filing jointly | Married filing separately |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10% | $0 to $11,925 | $0 - $17,000 | $0 to $23,850 | $0 to $11,925 |
| 12% | $11,925 to $48,475 | $17,000 to $64,850 | $23,850 to $96,,950 | $11,925 to $48,475 |
| 22% | $103,350 to $197,300 | $64,850 to $103,350 | $96,950 to $206,700 | $48,475 to $103,350 |
| 24% | $197,300 to $250,525 | $103,350 to $197,300 | $206,700 to $394,600 | $103,350 to $197,300 |
| 32% | $250,525 to $626,350 | $197,300 to $250,500 | $394,600 to $501,050 | $197,300 to $250,525 |
| 35% | $250,525 to $626,350 | $250,500 to $626,350 | $501,050 to $751,600 | $250,525 to $375,800 |
| 37% | $626,350+ | $626,350+ | $751,600+ | $375,800+ |
Federal long-term capital gains tax rate 2025
For 2025, the long-term crypto gains tax rates (for taxes due in April 2026) are:
| Tax Rate | Single | Head of Household | Married filing jointly | Married filing separately |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15% | $48,350 to $533,400 | $64,750 to $566,700 | $96,701 to $600,050 | $48,350 to $300,00 |
| 20% | $533,400+ | $566,700+ | $600,050+ | $300,000+ |
As well as this, a higher 28% rate may apply to long-term capital gains from NFTs deemed collectibles.
State tax rates on crypto
Both federal and state tax rates generally apply to crypto.
State taxes work slightly differently depending on the state you live in. In some states, you'll pay a marginal personal tax rate that increases with how much you earn, like the federal Income Tax rate. Meanwhile, in other states, you'll pay a flat Income Tax rate, some states have specific capital gains tax rates, and in some states, you'll pay no tax at all.
Which states have issued guidance on crypto tax?
A limited number of states have issued guidance on the tax implications of cryptocurrency transactions, but guidance so far mainly focuses on the potential application of sales tax. States that have issued guidance so far include:
California: California treats cryptocurrencies as cash equivalents and taxes purchases with crypto the same way as purchases with fiat currency.
Kansas: Kansas treats cryptocurrencies as cash equivalents. Sellers accepting crypto as payment must convert crypto payments into the USD equivalent and charge Kansas sales and use tax.
Kentucky: Kentucky treats crypto as a cash equivalent. Sellers accepting crypto as payment must convert crypto payments into the USD equivalent and charge Kentucky sales and use tax.
Michigan: The Michigan Department of Treasury states Michigan does not view cryptocurrencies as tangible personal property and therefore does not impose a sales and use tax on purchases of crypto.
Missouri: Missouri is poised to become the first U.S. state to eliminate capital gains taxes on crypto and stocks for individuals, following the approval of a bill by the Republican-controlled Legislature.
New Jersey: New Jersey treats cryptocurrencies as cash equivalents and taxes purchases with crypto the same as purchases made with fiat currency.
New York: New York treats cryptocurrencies as cash equivalents and taxes purchases with crypto the same as purchases with fiat currency.
Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania has limited guidance, but states NFTs may be subject to sales tax unless there is an applicable exemption.
Washington: Washington does not tax the purchase of cryptocurrency, but treats purchases made with cryptocurrency the same as if made with crypto. Washington also has extensive guidance on the tax implications of NFTs, and state sales tax may apply in many instances.
Wisconsin: Wisconsin states that crypto represents an intangible right rather than personal property, and the sales price of crypto itself is therefore non-taxable.
Texas crypto taxes
As well as being a crypto mining hub, Texas is looking particularly favorable for crypto investors. Not only are Bitcoin bulls, El Salvador, looking at launching a Bitcoin embassy in Texas, but a new bill before the Texas legislature proposes to make spending on goods and services Bitcoin tax-free in Texas. As it's a state with no income tax, it's a top contender for one of the most crypto-friendly states.
States with no income tax
There are 9 states with no state income taxes. These are:
Alaska
Florida
Nevada
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Washington
Wyoming
New Hampshire
Of course, it's not all good news; many of these states impose higher levies on other taxes, including capital gains. Regarding crypto in particular, Washington was the first US state to bring NFTs into its sales tax regime, and now sellers and retailers must charge a 6.5% state tax for NFTs.
Flat state income tax rates
There are 14 states with a flat income tax rate. These are:
| State | Flat Tax Rate |
|---|---|
| Arizona | 2.5% |
| Colorado | 4.4% |
| Georgia | 5.19% |
| Idaho | 5.3% |
| Illinois | 4.95% |
| Indiana | 3% |
| Iowa | 3.8% |
| Kentucky | 4% |
| Louisiana | 3% |
| Michigan | 4.25% |
| Mississippi | 4.4% |
| North Carolina | 4.25% |
| Pennsylvania | 3.07% |
| Utah | 4.5% |
Important: It's well worth checking what counts as income in your state. For example, in New Hampshire, regular income is not subject to state tax, only to dividends and interest income.
State capital gains tax rates and exemptions
Some states have specific tax rates, deductions, or exemptions for capital gains. These include:
Arkansas: Allows for a 50% deduction on long-term capital gains for many.
Massachusetts: Taxes short-term capital gains at 8.5%.
Missouri: Capital gains are exempt from state income tax rates from 2025.
Maryland: Imposes an additional 2% surtax on capital gains for those earning more than $350,000.
Montana: Long-term capital gains are taxed at a lower rate of either 3% or 4.1% depending on your total income.
New Mexico: Allows for a 40% deduction of net capital gains.
North Dakota: Allows for a 40% deduction on long-term capital gains.
South Carolina: Allows for a 44% deduction on long-term capital gains.
Vermont: Allows for a $5,000 deduction on capital gains.
Washington: There is no state income tax, but capital gains are taxable. The first $1 million in capital gains is taxed at 7%. Any amount exceeding this is subject to an additional 2.9% tax, with an effective 9.9% rate. There is a $278,000 exemption limit.
Wisconsin: Allows for a 30% deduction on long-term capital gains.
Let's take a look at some of the most popular states for crypto investors and their state income tax rates.
California state income tax rates
| Tax Rate | Single (or married filing separately) |
|---|---|
| 1% | $0 to $10,756 |
| 2% | $10,757 to $25,499 |
| 4% | $25,500 to $40,245 |
| 6% | $40,246 to $55,866 |
| 8% | $55,867 to $70,606 |
| 9.3% | $70,607 to $360,659 |
| 10.3% | $360,660 to $432,787 |
| 11.3% | $432,788 to $721,314 |
| 12.3% | $721,315 to $1,000,000 |
| 13.3% | $1,000,000+ |
Connecticut state income tax rates
| Tax Rate | Single (or married filing separately) |
|---|---|
| 2% | $0 to $10,000 |
| 4.5% | $10,001 to $50,000 |
| 5.5% | $50,001 to $100,000 |
| 6% | $100,001 to $200,000 |
| 6.5% | $200,001 to $250,000 |
| 6.9% | $250,000 to $500,000 |
| 6.99% | $500,001+ |
New York state income tax rates
| Tax Rate | Single (or married filing separately) |
|---|---|
| 4% | $0 to $8,500 |
| 4.5% | $8,501 to $11,700 |
| 5.25% | $11,701 to $13,900 |
| 5.5% | $13,901 to $80,650 |
| 6% | $80,651 to $215,400 |
| 6.85% | $215,401 to $1,077,550 |
| 9.65% | $1,077,551 to $5,000,000 |
| 10.3% | $5,000,001 to $25,000,000 |
| 10.90% | $25,000,001+ |
Important: New York City and Yonkers residents have their own local income tax rates.
How to do crypto taxes with Koinly
Calculating capital gains, losses, and income from crypto and reporting all this to the IRS is tricky. That's why most investors opt to use a crypto tax calculator like Koinly.
With Koinly, simply import your transaction history automatically via API or by uploading a CSV file, with support for thousands of platforms, wallets, and protocols. Once it has your data, Koinly crunches the numbers for you and generates the forms you need to file with the IRS, including Form 8949 and Schedule D.
FAQs
What's the Bitcoin tax rate?
Like with other cryptocurrencies, the tax rate you'll pay on Bitcoin all depends on whether you have capital gains or income, how much you earn, and how long you've held your asset.
How much tax on Bitcoin profits?
You'll pay 0% to 20% tax on long-term Bitcoin capital gains and 10% to 37% tax on short-term Bitcoin capital gains and income, depending on how much you earn.
What is the tax rate for cryptocurrency?
It depends on your specific circumstances, but you'll pay anywhere between 10 to 37% tax on short-term gains and income from crypto, or 0% to 20% in tax on long-term gains from crypto.
What is the tax on crypto earnings?
Income from crypto is taxed the same as your regular income, so you'll pay between 10% to 37% in tax depending on how much your total annual income is, including from crypto.
